Oral cancer can affect the lips, tongue, gums, inner cheeks, and the floor of the mouth. Because it often develops without pain, early detection is crucial. Regular dental or medical check-ups at least twice a year greatly improve the chances of catching it in time.
It may appear in different forms, such as lip cancer from sun or tobacco use, tongue cancer with persistent ulcers, gum cancer resembling gum disease, or hidden cancers beneath the tongue. Warning signs include sores that don’t heal, red or white patches, unexplained lumps, numbness, loose teeth, difficulty swallowing, and persistent bad breath.
Risk factors include tobacco in all forms, heavy alcohol consumption, prolonged sun exposure, HPV infection, poor oral hygiene, ill-fitting dentures, and family history of cancer. Strengthening immunity and avoiding irritants can help lower risks. Like other cancers, oral cancer progresses in stages, from early abnormal cells to advanced spread.
Dentists often spot oral cancer during routine exams, which underlines the importance of regular screenings. Prevention through quitting tobacco, reducing alcohol, using sun protection, eating healthy foods, and HPV vaccination is key. Staying alert to symptoms and prioritizing check-ups can save lives.